Ancient Cartographies as a Basis for Geolocation Models in Public Space: The Case of Giambattista Nolli and its Heritage Application

In 1748, the architect and surveyor Giambattista Nolli mapped an abstract reality of the city of Rome. As a challenge to the inherited projections, it represented the city mixing streets, halls, corridors, churches, baths and markets as part of a unique public space network. A new way to design public space and rethink the whole urban system was opened by the possibility of containing in these representations a single layer with all kinds of public space (including the interior of public buildings). Despite this, Nolli's plan remained as a useless instrument since the hegemony of automobile mobility appeared as a pre-eminent system. This research tries to understand how the application of the ancient cartographies' methodology can improve the pedestrian mobility of historic cities by means of enhancing the graphic value of the system of Giambattista Nolli. Nowadays, free public space is represented as empty and built ones, as solid. This proposal would revert this reified conception of the city, understanding this baroque representation as an instrument of identification and assessment of the transitional heritage. The clues unveiled by Nolli seem to be able to integrate the plans of public buildings within the urban tissue, which would result in a step towards the full integration of cartography and mobility. The success of the comprehensive tools offered by large servers such as Alphabet inc. (Google) or Bing Maps confirm the suitability of the combination of new technologies and Big Data with urban planning, reaching the synchronisation of Smart Cities. Nowadays, open public space can be 'walked in' from any electronic device, consequently, the application of the "Nolli methodology" would implement the model of urban geolocation with the assimilation of inner public spaces. In the creation of a great global map of the public space, a chimaera could be intuited. This would be discussed within a tangible reality: every open public space is already housed in the Big Data and it is accessible through geolocation tools. The inclusion of the of the public buildings' interiors would contribute to develop a greater permeability between city and citizens. Furthermore, this representation would optimize pedestrian travel times and would be able to expand the geolocation system network as a documentary repository

An adequacy of laboratory requests of vitamin D levels

Introducción: ante las nuevas implicaciones atribuidas a la vitamina D y la asociación con enfermedades tales como el cáncer, diabetes, enfermedades cardiovasculares, autoinmunes y mortalidad, no es de extrañar que se haya defendido la medición de los niveles de vitamina D en la población general. Sin embargo, no existen datos experimentales que demuestren la viabilidad y rentabilidad de la estrategia de cribado en la población y tampoco se ha comprobado la existencia de benefi cios para la salud, por lo que en la actualidad solo es aconsejable la medida de 25 (OH) vitamina D en los grupos de personas de alto riesgo como indican las guías clínicas internacionales. Objetivos: analizar las peticiones de vitamina D comprobando si se adecuan a las guías clínicas. Métodos: realizamos un estudio descriptivo transversal en el Área de Salud de Badajoz (España) estudiando las peticiones de determinación de vitamina D durante 12 meses consecutivos (n = 3.907). En dicho estudio revisamos el diagnóstico de petición y la historia clínica del paciente para discriminar entre peticiones que se adecuaban a las guías clínicas y peticiones injustificadas. Por último, realizamos el estudio económico. Resultados: en nuestros resultados encontramos que casi un tercio de peticiones no se adecuaban a las guías clínicas, en patologías tales como diabetes, dislipemias e hipertensión en las que no está recomendada la medición de los niveles de vitamina D, por lo que suponía un exceso de gasto para el sistema sanitario. Gasto que se incrementa cada año, tanto es así que se ha producido un aumento en las peticiones de más del 1.000% en los últimos 6 años. Conclusiones: concluimos la necesidad de crear protocolos de petición de vitamina D que se ajusten a las guías clínicas hasta que existan más estudios experimentales sobre las nuevas implicaciones de la vitamina D y así conseguir una correcta utilización de los recursos económicos del hospital.Introduction: Regarding the new implications assigned to vitamin D and its association with diseases such as cancer, diabetes, heart and autoimmune diseases and mortality, it isn’t surprising that the measurements of the levels of vitamin D in general population had been defended. Introduction: Regarding the new implications assigned to vitamin D and its association with diseases such as cancer, diabetes, heart and Nevertheless, there aren’t any experimental data which show the viability and rentability of the screening strategy in population, and there is a lack of benefi ts for health. That’s why, currently, it is only advisable the measurement of 25 (OH) vitamin D in groups of people at high risk as international clinical guides indicate. Objectives: Analyse vitamin D petitions confi rming if they adequate to clinical guides. Methods: We carried out a descriptive study in the health area of Badajoz (Spain) studying the petitions for vitamin D analysis for 12 consecutive months (n = 3,907), in which we checked the diagnosis requested and the medical records of the patient to select between petitions that fi t in the clinical guides, and those unjustifi ed. Lastly, we also carried out an economical study. Results: In our results we found that almost a third of the petitions didn’t fi t the clinical guides, in pathologies like diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension where the measurement of the vitamin D levels is not recommended, so this would mean an enormous expense for public health. This cost it is growing every year, so it has been an increase in requests over 1,000% in the last 6 years. Conclusions: We conclude with the idea of creating vitamin D petition protocols which fi t the clinical guides until more experimental studies about the new implications on vitamin D are published, and fi nally achieve a correct use of the economical resources of the hospital.peerReviewe

Розробка проекту вдосконалення роботи ланки колісно-рейкового транспорту шахти «Дніпровська» ПАО ДТЕК “Павлоградвугілля"

Мета кваліфікаційної роботи–підвищення техніко-економічних показників роботи шахтного локомотивного транспорту за рахунок використання локомотивів з підвищенними тягово-галімівними параметрами та більшою енергоозброеністю

Комплексный подход по применению технологий для предупреждения и борьбы с парафиновыми отложениями на месторождениях Западной Сибири

Объектом исследования являются парафиновые осложнения, возникающие при эксплуатации нефтяных скважин и методы их предотвращения. Цель исследования – анализ методов современных технологий защиты и борьбы от парафиновых осложнений. В процессе исследования были подробно рассмотрены методы борьбы и предупреждение парафиновых отложений, а также перспективы по применению более современных технологий. Область применения: осложненный фонд скважин. Потенциальная экономическая эффективность связана с повышением эффективности эксплуатации оборудования за счет внедрения новых технологий защиты и предупреждения от парафиноотложений.The object of the study is paraffin complications that occur during the operation of oil wells and methods of their prevention. The aim of the study is to analyze the methods of modern technologies of protection and control against paraffin complications. In the course of the study, methods of controlling and preventing paraffin deposits were considered in detail, as well as prospects for the use of more modern technologies. Scope of application: complicated well stock. Potential cost-effectiveness is associated with increasing the efficiency of equipment operation through the introduction of new technologies for protection and prevention from paraffin deposition

Расчеты из первых принципов атомной и электронной структуры системы Ni-H

В работе выполнены самосогласованные расчеты полной энергии чистого никеля и системы Ni-H, с использованием полнопотенциального метода ЛППВ, в рамках теории функционала электронной плотности. Проведены расчеты электронной структуры ГЦК решетки Ni и системы Ni-H, с концентрацией примеси ~6 at.% и ~33 at.%. Установлено, что атом водорода преимущественно занимает октаэдрическое междоузлие в решетке металла. Величина энергии растворения ?? водорода ~33 at.% в никеле имеет отрицательное значение, а величина ?? водорода ~6 at.% — положительное. Показано, что наличие примеси водорода в решетке Ni заметно влияет на электронную структуру никеля. Обнаружено, что атом водорода образует химическую связь с атомами металла.Self-consistent calculations of the total energy of pure nickel and the Ni-H system were performed using the full potential LPPW method within the framework of the theory of the electron density functional. Calculations have been made of the electronic structure of the fcc lattice of Ni and the Ni-H system, with an impurity concentration of ~6 at.% and ~33 at.%. It was established that the hydrogen atom predominantly occupies an octahedral interstice in the metal lattice. The dissolution energy ?E of hydrogen ~ 33 at.% in nickel has a negative value, and the value of ?E of hydrogen ~ 6 at.% is positive. It is shown that the presence of a hydrogen impurity in the Ni lattice significantly affects the electronic structure of nickel. It was found that the hydrogen atom forms a chemical bond w

Guidelines and considerations for metabolic tolerance tests in mice

The epidemic of the century, Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is continuously rising. Intensive research is urgently needed whereby experimental models represent an essential tool to optimise the diagnostic strategy and to improve therapy. In this review, we describe the central principles of the metabolic tests available in order to study glucose and insulin homeostasis in mice, focusing on the most widely used – the glucose and insulin tolerance tests. We provide detailed experimental procedures as well as the practical implementation of these methods and discuss the main factors that should be taken into account when using this methodology

Fourier state of a fluidized granular gas

It is shown that the Boltzmann equation for smooth inelastic hard disks or spheres admits a solution describing a steady state characterized by uniform pressure and linear temperature profile. Such a state has been observed previously both in numerical solutions of the Boltzmann equation and in molecular dynamics simulations. Quite peculiarly, pressure and temperature gradient are not independent but their ratio is a function of the coefficient of restitution. Several properties of the solution are discussed. In particular, it is shown that a linear Fourier-like law is verified for arbitrary temperature gradient.Grant No. PB98-1124 from the Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnica (Spain)

Bovine Tuberculosis in a Free Ranging Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) from Doñana National Park (Spain)

During 1997 and 1998, a survey of Iberian carnivores was conducted to study the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in the Doñana National Park and surrounding areas in southwestern Spain. Post-mortem examinations were done on seven red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), two Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon), one weasel (Mustela nivalis), two genets (Genetta genetta), one Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus), one Eurasian badger (Meles meles), and two polecats (Mustela putorius). Lesions suggestive of bovine tuberculosis were not detected but, in culture, Mycobacterium bovis was isolated from the retropharyngeal lymph nodes of one adult male red fox. This is the first report of M. bovis infection in red fox in Spain.Peer reviewe

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) and Cholangiocarcinoma:The Missing Link

In recent years, the incidence of both liver and biliary tract cancer has increased. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are the two most common types of hepatic malignancies. Whereas HCC is the fifth most common malignant tumor in Western countries, the prevalence of CCA has taken an alarming increase from 0.3 to 2.1 cases per 100,000 people. The lack of specific biomarkers makes diagnosis very difficult in the early stages of this fatal cancer. Thus, the prognosis of CCA is dismal and surgery is the only effective treatment, whilst recurrence after resection is common. Even though chemotherapy and radiotherapy may prolong survival in patients with CCA, the 5-year survival rate is still very low—a significant global problem in clinical diagnosis and therapy. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway plays an important role in signal transduction by converting extracellular stimuli into a wide range of cellular responses including inflammatory response, stress response, differentiation, survival, and tumorigenesis. Dysregulation of the MAPK cascade involves key signaling components and phosphorylation events that play an important role in tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiological role of MAPK, current therapeutic options, and the current situation of MAPK-targeted therapies in CCA

Reclassifying Hepatic Cell Death during Liver Damage:Ferroptosis-A Novel Form of Non-Apoptotic Cell Death?

Ferroptosis has emerged as a new type of cell death in different pathological conditions, including neurological and kidney diseases and, especially, in different types of cancer. The hallmark of this regulated cell death is the presence of iron-driven lipid peroxidation; the activation of key genes related to this process such as glutathione peroxidase-4 (gpx4), acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member-4 (acsl4), carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 3 (cbr3), and prostaglandin peroxidase synthase-2 (ptgs2); and morphological changes including shrunken and electron-dense mitochondria. Iron overload in the liver has long been recognized as both a major trigger of liver damage in different diseases, and it is also associated with liver fibrosis. New evidence suggests that ferroptosis might be a novel type of non-apoptotic cell death in several liver diseases including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), drug-induced liver injury (DILI), viral hepatitis, and hemochromatosis. The interaction between iron-related lipid peroxidation, cellular stress signals, and antioxidant systems plays a pivotal role in the development of this novel type of cell death. In addition, integrated responses from lipidic mediators together with free iron from iron-containing enzymes are essential to understanding this process. The presence of ferroptosis and the exact mechanisms leading to this non-apoptotic type of cell death in the liver remain scarcely elucidated. Recognizing ferroptosis as a novel type of cell death in the liver could lead to the understanding of the complex interaction between different types of cell death, their role in progression of liver fibrosis, the development of new biomarkers, as well as the use of modulators of ferroptosis, allowing improved theranostic approaches in the clinic